Welcome to Methods 3, Lecture 2
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Methods 3
(review)
Where is -73.99, 40.71?
Cartographic design & conventions
think about:
- scale
- hierarchy
- color
- symbology
scale
scale
hierarchy
color
color
Think about what the colors you are using mean to the viewer.
Use contrast to your advantage.
symbology
hierarchy
color
avoid the "island effect"
what you include is significant
what you include is significant...or will be interpreted as significant
same with what you exclude
Projections and coordinate reference systems (CRS)
we'll use projection and CRS interchangeably
projection and CRS
how you determine where coordinates actually are on the earth
latitude and longitude are always in relation to a datum
a datum is the combination of a spheroid and how it's being used
you will often see NAD83 and WGS84
but what if you want to turn those coordinates into something that works on a 2d plane (like paper)?
projections mainly distort
- area (equivalence)
- shape (conformity)
- distance
projections take coordinates from longitude and latitude to x and y
projections are just math
luckily GISs are pretty good at math
source
usually you will pick a projection for your project to make your data look good
to do this, change your project's projection
not sure which projection to use?
search in qgis
consider using projestions
source